Naturalisme

The measure is good or bad is: "whether in accordance with the state of nature", when it was said to be naturally good, whereas if it is not seen as a bad experience. Jean Jack Rousseau argued that progress, knowledge and culture is to be a destroyer of the universe.


Vitalisme

This isme is naturalisme refutation of vitalism schools because according to the size of the good and bad it was not natural but "vitae" or life or which is indispensable for life. This stream is composed of two groups:

1. vitalism pessimistis (negative vitalistis) and 
2. vitalism optimistime. 

The first group is known for the phrase "homo homini lupus" means "man is a wolf to other human beings". Meanwhile, according to the second isme "war is lawful", that's because those who fight or which he won which will hold power. Famous figures flow F. Niettsche vitalism is that much influence on Adolf Hitler.


Gessingnungsethik

Initiated by Albert Schweitzer, an expert theologian, Music, Medical, philosopher, and Ethics. Most importantly, according to this isme is "respect for life", ie as far as possible every creature should help each other and apply good. Size kindness is "pemelihataan life", and the bad is that every effort resulted in destruction and blocking prevented life.


Idealisme

Attach great importance to the existence of the human mind because the mind of men who become a source of ideas. Famous expression of this genre is "all that exists is simply that no" because there was just a picture / manifestation of the mind or a pale imitation. As well as any clone would not be as beautiful as the original or ie the idea. So good it was just what was in the idea itself.


Existentialism

Existentialism holds that existence on earth is always related to the decisions of individuals, That is, suppose that the individual does not take a decision then surely nothing happens. Individuals determine the terhadao something good, particularly for the benefit of himself. Expression of this genre is "Truth is subjectivity" or the truth lies in private then disebutlah well, and vice versa if the decision was not good for his personal then that's bad.


Marxisme

Based on "Dialectical Materialsme" that everything that is controlled by the state of the material and the material circumstances also must follow the dialectical path. This flow holds the motto "everything just the way it can be justified as long as the road can be taken to achieve something purposes". So whatever can be viewed either as long as it can convey / deliver to the destination.


UNDERSTANDING THE PROFESSION

There has been no agreement on the definition of the profession because there is no standard job / task how that can be regarded as a profession. Some say that the profession is "one's position even though the profession is not of a commercial nature". Traditionally there are four profession that is already known, namely medicine, law, education, and clergy.


Professionalism
Usually understood as a quality that must be possessed by every good executive. The characteristics of professionalism:

1. Has high skills in a field and proficiency in the use of certain equipment required in the implementation of the tasks concerned with the above areas. 
2. Have knowledge and experience and intelligence in analyzing a problem and sensitive in reading the situation quickly and appropriately and carefully in making the best decisions on the basis of sensitivity. 
3. Got a future-oriented attitude that has the ability to anticipate environmental developments that lay before him. 
4. Have an independent attitude based on a belief in personal abilities and open to listen to and respect the opinions of others, but be careful in choosing the best for themselves and their personal development. 

Characteristic Professions

According to the article in the International Encyclopedia of education, there are 10 characteristics of a profession :

1. An organized field work of the kind of intellectual who continues to grow and expand. 
2. An intellectual technique. 
3. Practical application of intellectual technique practical affairs. 
4. A long period of training and certification. 
5. Some standards and statement of ethics that can be held. 
6. The ability for leadership in the profession itself. 
7. Associations of members of the profession who became a close-knit group with high communication quality among its members. 
8. Recognition as a profession. 
9. Professional attention to the responsible use of the work profession. 
10. Close relationships with other professions. 

Code of Professional Ethics destination

General principles formulated in a profession will be different from one another. This is due to differences in customs, habits, culture, and the role of professional experts which are defined in a country's not the same.

As for the principal purpose of the formulation of ethics as outlined in the code of ethics or code of conduct profession are:

1. Describes ethical standards and assign responsibilities to clients, institutions, and society in general. 
2. Ethical standards for the profession expert help in determining what they should do if they encounter ethical dilemmas at work. 
3. Ethical standards for the profession letting maintain the reputation or the names and functions of the profession in society against evil behavior-behavior of certain members. 
4. Reflect ethical standards / expectations imagine morals of the community, thus ethical standards ensure that the members of the profession will abide by the book Act of ethics or code of conduct profession in his ministry. 
5. Ethical standards is fundamental to maintaining the integrity or honesty of behavior and experts from the profession 
6. Please note that the code of ethics is not the same as the law. An expert professions who violate the code of ethics will receive sanctions or fines from the parent organization of the profession.